Water Security Index Repository: Salinity and Electrical Conductivity

Electrical Conductivity (EC): Measures mineral content in water. EC below 150 mS/m is acceptable; above 500 mS/m is problematic.
Soil Salinity and Sodicity: Concentrated in Western, Northern Cape and arid regions; influenced by evaporation, geological structure and rainfall gradients.
Degradation Patterns: Severe land degradation overlaps with historic homeland and rural zones, exacerbating water and soil vulnerability.

Overall, arid and semi-arid zones show higher EC and salinity risks, affecting groundwater usability and sustainable agriculture potential.